Infection

Infective disease can be classified by either the site of infection or the pathogen infected. Ideally the diagnosis should involve the pathogen responsible with sensitivities. For example, an upgrade on the diagnosis 'UTI' would be to 'Ecoli cystitis sensitive to amoxicillin' as this dicatates management. 

By Location

Body System

1. Nervous: Meningitis, encephalitis, cerebral abscess, parasites

2. Endocrine: Thyroiditis 

3. Senses/ head & neck- Parotiditis

   1. 1. Eyes Periorbital cellulitis, bacterial endophthalmitis

      2. Ears  Acute otitis media/ externa

      3. Throat Pharyngitis, epiglottitis, tracheitis

4. Cardiovascular Infective endocarditis, Bacteraemia, 

5. Respiratory Pneumonia, bronchiolitis,

6. GI Gastroenteritis, Colitis, hepatitis/ hepatic abscess, biliary infections

7. Urinary Cystitis, pyelonephritis, nephronia/ renal abscess; UTIs 

8. Repro female Sexually Transmitted Infections

9. Repro male STIs

10. Haematopoietic Sepsis, (Neutropenic Sepsis)

11. Musculoskeletal Septic arthritis, Osteomyelitis, Necrotising Fascitis, Discitis

12. Skin Cellulitis, erysipelas,

By Pathogen

Summary

• Bacteria

• Virus

• Fungus

• Everything else

  • • • Protozoa

      • Prions

      • Parasites

In Depth

Bacteria

• Gram +ve 

  1. Cocci

     • Staphlococcus

       • Coagulase Positive

         • Staph aureus: MRSA, MSSA

       • Coagulase Negative

         • Staph epidermidis

         • Staph haemolyticus

         • Staph saprophyticus

     • Streptococcus

       • Alpha haemolysis

         • Streptococcus pneumoniae

         • Streptococcus sanguis

         • Streptococcus mitis

       • Beta haemolysis: antigens

         • Group A Streph- streph pyogenes

         • Group B Streph (GBS)- baby streph

     • Enterococcus

  2. Rods

     • Clostridium

       • Clostridium Difficile 

       • Clostridium Botulism

       • Clostridium Tetani

       • Clostridium Perfringes

     • Listeria- meningitis, pneumonia

     • Corynebacterium

     • Diphtheria

• Gram -ve

  1. Cocci

     • Neisseria

       • Neisseria Gonorrhoea

       • Neisseria Meningitidis

     • Fusobacterium

  2. Rods

     • E.coli 

     • Campylobacter, Shigella, 

     • Pseudomonas

     • Klebsiella- UTI, CAP

     • Chlamydia- STI & CAP

     • Legionella - CAP

  3. Spirochete- (Jarisch Herxheimer (JH) reaction)

     • Leptospirosis (poorly stains)

     • Borrelia Burgdorferi: Lyme Disease 

     • Syphilis

• Bacteria that don't gram strain

  1. Mycobacterium

     • Tuberculosis 

     • Leprosy

     • Non tuberculosis mycobacterium

  2. Mycoplasma

     • Mycoplasma Pneumoniae 

     • Mycoplasma genitalium

Virus

• Herpes Family

  • HSV-1: Oral Herpes Simplex

  • HSV-2: Genital Herpes Simplex

  • HSV-3: Varicella Zoster Virus

  • HSV-4: EBV (Glandular Fever)

  • HSV-5: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) 

  • HSV-6: Roseola virus, 6th disease

  • HSV-7: Roseola virus, 6th disease

  • HSV-8: Kaposi's Sarcoma, associated with HIV

• Blood borne viruses

  • HIV 

  • Viral Hepatitis AE 

• Respiratory viruses

  • Influenza 

  • Covid-19 

  • Measles , Mumps, 

  • RSV, parainfluenza, adenovirus

  • Infectious mononucleosis

• Gastrointestinal viruses

  • Norovirus, Rotavirus

• Skin: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) 

• Foreign Travel (outside UK)

  • Ebola

  • Rabies, Polio

  • Dengue Fever, Chikungunya, Japanese Encephalitis

Fungus

• Candidiasis 

• Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia (PJP) 

• Cryptococcus

• Aspergillosis 

• Histoplasmosis 

• Yeast

• Blastomycosis

• Ringworm

Parasites

• Protozoa

  • Malaria

  • Toxoplasmosis 

  • Leishmaniasis

  • Amoeba

  • Cryptosporidium

  • Giardiasis

• Helminths

  • Strongyloidiasis (threadworm)

  • Hookworm

  • Ascaris Lumbricoides (roundworm)

  • Flukes: Schistosomiasis

  • Tapeworms: Echinococcosis (Hydatid Disease)

• Ectoparasites

  • Lice- pubic, head

  • Fleas

  • Ticks

Prions

• CJD (Creutzfeldt Jacob Disease)

• Mad Cow Disease

Resources and References

Page written in 2024.