AZ Disease Textbook

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA): Enlargement of abdominal aorta, operate > 5.5cm

Acanthosis Nigricans Darkened auxilla associated with obesity, T2DM and gastric cancer

Achalasia Dysphagia solids, liquids; bird beak barium swallow

Achrondroplasia Short limbed dwarfism

Acitinic keratosis Skin lesion from sun damage

Acute Dystonia See Extra Pyramidal Side Effects (EPSE)

Acne Roseacea Skin lesion causing red face and rhinophyma

Acne Vulgaris Medical name for acne, facial pustules

Acromegaly: Growth Hormone Excess

Acute Coronary Syndrome Includes myocardial infarction (NSTEMI & STEMI) and unstable angina

Acute Interstitial Nephritis Commonly Nsaid induced AKI

Acute lymphoblastic leukamia Childhood leukaemia of lymphocytes

Acute myeloid leukaemia Largely adulthood leukaemia of myelocytes

Acute tubular necrosis AKI caused by e.g. gentamicin, raised urinary sodium

Addison's Autoimmune Adrenal Insufficiency 

Adrenal Insufficiency Hypo-glucocorticoid & hypo-mineralocorticoid disorders

Alcoholism Alcohol addiction

Alopecia: Auto immune hair loss

Alport's Syndrome: Kidney + Hearing problems

ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) Type of Motor Neuron Disease 

Anaemia Low haemoglobin- constellation of diagnosis

Anaphylaxis Systemic allergic reaction (involving 2+ body systems)

Aortic Regurgitation Leaky aortic valve

Aortic Stenosis: Narrowing of aortic valve (includes aortic sclerosis)

Aspergillosis Include invasive aspergillosis, aspergilloma and ABPA

Asthma Allergic & reversible bronchiole narrowing producing wheeze

Atrial Flutter See Atrial Fibrillation (AF)

Atrial Fibrillation (AF) Atria contracting irregularly irregularly

Atrial Myxoma See Cardiac Myoma 

Atrial Septal Defect Hole between left and right atria

Autoimmune encephalitis: Affects limbic system, anti Hu

Autoimmune hepatitis: Anti smooth muscle antibodies

Bartonella Henselae Named cat scratch disease after mechanism of infection

Bartter Syndrome Renal Tubulopathy (Inherited) - normotensive, normal magnesium

Becker's muscular dystrophy See muscular dystrophies

Behcet's Disease Systemic vasculitis with mouth ulcers

Berger's Disease IgA Nephropathy

Boerhaave's Syndrome Oesphageal Rupture

Brown Sequard Syndrome Spinal Cord hemi-section

Brucellosis Bacterial respiratory infection associated with European animal farming

Budd Chiari Syndrome Hepatic vein obstruction, usually from thrombosis

Brugada Syndrome Na+ cardiac channelopathy 

Burkitt's Lymphoma See lymphoma

CADASIL Cerebral Autosomal Domaint Arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts

& leukoencephalopathy

Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis Type of Cerebral Vein Thrombosis, occurring in cavernous sinus

Cat scratch disease Infection post cat scratch from Bartonella Henselae 

Central pontine demyelination See HypoNatraemia & HyperNatraemia 

Chlamydia Sexually transmitted infection (STI)

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Chronic lung disease associated with smoking

Coeliac Disease Hypersensitivity to gliadin (gluten)

Coronary Artery Disease Includes ischaemic (STEMI etc) and non ischaemic causes

Colitis Includes ischaemic, inflammatory, infective and other causes

Crohn's Disease Inflammatory bowel disease affecting whole alimentary canal

Diabetes Insipidus Lack of ADH, causing leaky kidneys (polyuria)

Diabetes Ketoacidosis (DKA) Hypoinsulinaemia causing acidosis from starvation ketosis- in T1DM

Diabetes Mellitus Includes type 1, type 2, 3, gestational, MODY, LADA 

Dermatomyositis Autoimmune condition attack on muscle and skin 

Dermatitis Herpetiformis Skin reaction occurs in Coeliac Disease in response to gluten

Deep vein thrombosis

Drug induced Lupus See Systemic Lupus Erythematous 

Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy See Muscular Dystrophies

Ehlers Danlos syndrome (EDS)   Inherited connective tissue disorder

Echinococcosis Disease caused by parasite echinococcus

Functional Neurology 'Software' neurological disorders

Gitelman Syndrome Inherited renal tubulopathy, low magnesium- see Renal Tubulopathies (Inherited) 

Gestational Diabetes See T2DM (Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus) 

Genital Herpes See Herpes Simplex (HSV) 

Haemochromatosis Iron build up causing liver cirrhosis, bronzing skin and arthralgia

Haemophilia Commonest inherited disease resulting excessive bleeding (love to bleed)

Haemolysis   Of which AI Haemolysis 

Hashimoto's Auto-immune cause of hypothyroidism

Helicobacter Pylori Bacterial infection of stomach and duodenum causing peptc ulcers

Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia Thrombocytopenia from autoimmune molecular mimicry from heparin

Hepatitis A See Viral hepatitis for hepatitis A-E

Hepatitis B

Hepatitis C

Hepatitis D

Hepatitis E

Hereditary Angiodema Inherited cause of swelling from C1 esterase deficiency

Hereditary Spherocytosis Inherited haemoglobinopathy

Heyde Syndrome Triad: small bowel angiodysplasia, aortic stenosis and von willebrand disease

HHS (Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic syndrome) T2DM acute complication: chronically raised BSLs causing dehydration

Histiocytosis X Type of interstitial lung disease caused by smoking

Histoplasmosis Fungus causing respiratory tract infection from North America

HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus resulting immune failure (AIDS)

HNPCC Lynch Syndrome, excessive polyps resulting in colorectal cancer

HOCM (Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy)   Congenital heart condition resulting in exercise induced collapse

Hodgkin's Lymphoma Lymphoma 

Homocystinuria

Horner's Syndrome Sympathetic nerve compression causing triad of: miosis, anyhdrosis and ptosis (MAP)

Huntington's Disease Chronic degenerative neurologic condition from CAG repeats

Hydatid Disease See Echinococcosis

Hyperparathyroidism Either primary, secondary or tertiary

Hypertension High blood pressure above 140/90 on random measurement

Hypercortisolaemia Cushing's Syndrome (by definition)

Hyporenin-hyperaldosteronism Another name for Conn's Syndrome  

IgA Nephropathy Haematuria 2d post URTI

Ischaemic colitis Bowel ischaemia

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Pulmonary Fibrosis of unknown cause, commonest type of ILD

Interstitial Lung Disease Group of pathologies affecting lung interstitial

Ischaemic Heart Disease Group of coronary artery disorders causing ischaemia & infarction: Angina, UA & NSTEMI, STEMI

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis 

Jaundice 

Kallman's Syndrome Hypopituitary hypogonadism from failure of GNRH neurons to migrate in hypothalamus

Leptospirosis Spirochete bacteria associated with rat's urine, also called Weil's Disease

Liddle Syndrome HTN in young, see Renal Tubulopathies (Inherited) 

Legionella Pneumonia with hyponatraemia & water tanks

Lynch Syndrome Genetic disorder with increased rates of colorectal cancer, see HNPCC 

Lymphogranuloma venereum Ulcer from Chlamydia 

Lymphocytic colitis Type of microscopic colitis

MAFLD Metabolic associated fatty liver disease, see NAFLD

Mantle Cell Lymphoma See Lymphoma 

Membranous Nephropathy Commonest nephrotic syndrome in adults

MGUS: Monoclonal Gammopathy of Uncertain Significance, see Multiple Myeloma 

Mesenteric Ischaemia Bowel angina, see Ischaemic colitis

Metabolic Syndrome See Obesity 

Mitral Regurgitation Leaky mitral valve

Mitral Stenosis Narrowed mitral valve

Myocarditis See 

Myocardial Infarction Myocardial hypoxic necrosis in coronary artery disease: NSTEMI or STEMI

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Presents with triad: dementia, urinary incontinence, ataxia

Nacrolepsy 

Nephrotic Syndrome Kidney's leaking protein, resulting in oedema

Nephritic Syndrome Kidney damage resulting in leaking blood

NSTEMI Non ST elevated myocardial infarction: type of acute coronary syndrome

Necrotising Fasciitis See Cellulitis and Necrotising Fasciitis 

Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Snoring leading to poor quality sleep

Oesphageal Rupture Boerhaave's Syndrome

Pericardial effusion Fluid in sac surrounding heart, includes tamponade

Pericarditis Inflammation of sac surrounding heart

Peptic Ulcer

Pertussis See Whooping Cough

Polymyositis Autoimmune assualt on muscles

Pneumoperitoneum Air bubble under abdominal lining suggesting bowel perforation

Pneumothorax Air bubble within lung lining

Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia (PJP) Fungal lung infection in the immunocompromised

Pseudo-Cushings Metabolic syndrome patients with central obesity, upper limit of normal cortisol, 

See Cushing's Syndrome

Psittacosis See chlamydia

Pulmonary Embolus Clot in pulmonary artery

Pulmonary Fibrosis Commonest cause of pulmonary fibrosis is IPF, common type of ILD

Pulmonary Regurgitation Leaky pulmonary valve

Pulmonary Stenosis Narrowed pulmonary valve

Q Fever Infection associated with animals and deranged LFTs

Raynaud's phenomenon Fingers go blue in cold weather

Ramsay Hunt Syndrome Bells palsy from varicella zoster, see Bell's Palsy 

Renal Artery Stenosis

Renal Tubular Acidosis 4 types of renal acidosis

Renal stones / renal calculi See Urinary Stones

Resting Tremor See Essential Tremor 

Scleroderma Another name for Systemic Sclerosis 

Small bowel obstruction Associated with adhesions

Stomach Cancer Cancer of stomach, see Gastric Cancer 

Syphillis Sexually transmitted infection (STI), tx penicillin

Secondary Polycythaemia: See Polycythaemia vera page

STEMI ST elevation myocardial infarction, type of acute coronary syndrome

Still's Disease Another name for: Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis 

SVCO Superior Vena Cava Obstruction

Subacute thyroiditis See Thyroiditis 

Temporal Arteritis Same as Giant Cell Arteritis

Transposition of great arteries (TGA) Aorta exits right ventricle, pulmonary artery exists left ventricle

Trichomoniasis Vaginal sexually transmitted infection (STI)- foul smelling d/c

Tricuspid Regurgitation Leaky Tricuspid valve

Tricuspid Stenosis Narrow tricuspid valve

Ulcerative colitis Inflammatory bowel disease localised to colon

Upper GI Bleed 

Urge Incontinence: See Detrusor Overactivity 

Venous thrombo-embolism: See DVT & PE pages separately

Ventricular Fibrillation: Ventricle contracting irregularly irregular

Ventricular Septal Defect: Hole between left and right ventricle

Weil's Disease Another name for Leptospirosis , bacteria associated with rats urine

Wegener's Granulomatosis Old name for GPA , name changed after Wegener's association with the Nazis!

Whooping Cough